Antagonist Costume ideas

We are planning on using a sack looking mask to hide the identity of the antagonist which will leave an enigma because the audience wont know who it is and why they are wearing the mask. The ragidy effect of the mask makes the person wearing it look rough and unwelcoming creating fear and tension in the audience.

To create the mask we will use an old pale brown or white pillow case, rip the eyes and mouth hole, then sew the mouth up without care just like it shows in the image. We will then rip random parts of the mask and add dark eye shaddow/powder paint around the eyes to make it look more distressed. Due to the oldness it makes you think that the antagonist is'nt new to wearing it meaning he has been killing and halming people for a long time.

The antagonist will also be wearing a suit just because it would make it difficult to identify the character which creates many enigmas gives the antagonist an original identity i.e. the movie is based in a middle class settings which makes the antagonist stand out as not many characters would wear a suit unless there is a special occasion. Suits can also connote power and wealth which describes an upper class person; we are using how powerful the characters are depending on what class they are in meaning the antagonist will be perceived and assumed as upper class because he is wearing a suit. 

Script For Film

The main protagonist character will be walking through the woods. Although there will be no word spoken through most of it there will be sound effects like twigs breaking and bushes shaking on top of some tension building music. Halfway through the first part where she is walking through the woods she will hear a noise and shout "Hello?" this will create tension in the audience and creates an enigma as they will want to know who is there.

When she arrives home she will be acting curious because the front door will be slightly open. When she enters the home she will call for her parents to check whether they are in or not. There will be no reply; the will dump her bags down and run upstairs. As she enters the bathroom at the top of the stairs she will hear a dripping noise coming from behind the shower curtain. This will be made louder to create more tension and make sure the audience feel scared by it. She will open the curtain and the last thing that the audience will hear will be her scream and then the Main title will come in.

Dates and Times of filming

23rd November:

2.00pm - Met up at the house where the filming will take place to discuss the filming and costume ideas.

3.00pm - Completed makeup and outfit on protagonist.

3.30pm - Left to go to the woods to film.

4.00pm - Begin to film.

5.30pm - Left woods due to it getting too dark to film.

6.00pm - Got home and discussed other filming dates.

Filming was tricky on this day as we felt unexperienced and the sun went down too fast for us to capture anything good, but it was good we did meet up to discuss and experiment when filming so we will know what and how to do things when we next film. The only down side is that our protagonist might not be able to attend the next filming due to collage/work.

Questionnaire Results

 

These re the results from our questionnaire, which we gave to 50 memebers of the public. We gave our questionnaire to 50 members of the public because it gives us a larger sample size, meaning that the resutls would be more accurate, and also the number is a nice easy number for us to convert into percentages. These results allow us to see our results clearly and allows us to include what our target audience would like to see in our film.
Question one- As you can see from the pie chart; the audience prefer the actors being female as 80% of the public chose this and only 20% picked male. This tells us that our actors should mainly consist of female ones as our results show us this. This may be due to the conventions of a horror film as the victim is usually an innocent girl, which from our target audience research, males prefer this, as our target audience shows that males go to watch horror films a little more than females. We will ensure to have female actors present in our opening two minutes, so our audience would appeal to our film.

Question two- This question was to show where we should locate our film, which as you can see the highest percentage was an abandoned building, then a home and then a wood. These results show that we should set our film in an abandoned building, however, to make our feel more realistic and to relate more to the audience we can set it in part of the woods and someone's home, as this involves both locations appeal to the audience and would make it more realistic so the audience can feel as if this could happen to them. However we could use an abandoned house this could make the atmosphere more eerie and create tension as its a place the audience would be unfamiliar with. However, using the locations of the woods and someone's home can be easily associated with each and can involve lots of shots, which would be perfect.

Question Three- This question was to tell us when to bring our music soundtracks in to build tension, which this question tell us that the audience would want the music to build up the tension as they feel as though this helps the film have scary factors in the scenes of our opening scenes. We will have to ensure that we have music in our film to ensure tension is building throughout the film, and we have to make sure that they suit the scene which they will be assigned to through the editing stages.
Question four- This question is to see what the audience's favourite genre of film was, which as you can see it is horror, which is perfect as we are producing the opening two minutes of a horror film. This means that the people who took this questionnaire is potentially our target audience as in our blog about our target research it shows that stereotypically more males watch horror than females.

Question five- Following the previous

question, this one is to see what type of horror film our audience prefer from gore (which is the Saw film), to supernatural (Paranormal Activity). This shows that a supernatural film is the most preferable film, however Scream is not far behind. This suggests that we should have some paranormal elements in it to appeal to the audience but also involve murder, which could be present at the end of the feel so suspense can be build throughout the two minutes.

Question six- This film is similar to the previous question but is more to the point as this justifies what the audience would like to see in the film. From our results you can see that they expect a murder in a horror film or some sort of death. In second place was paranormal,which emphasises the popularity of this being in horrors as this was again popular in the previous question. This means that we should either have murder or paranormal in our film.

 

Question seven- This question is to see how much they watch horrors, which would tell us how much they know about horrors and what they would expect. This also tell us if their other response are valid as they watch various horrors so would know what to expect from one and what would be good to include in the opening two minutes of a film.

Question eight- This finally question is all about the title of our film, which may or may not definitely be used, but these are they ones which have appealed to us so far. As you can see our results show that the name 'HiJack' is most preferred, which is fairly effective as it can be associated with someone being taken, but also could be a characters name. However these names may not be used meaning we may have to send out another questionnaire or ask this question again n the future, to ensure all our audience likes the name of our film.

Questionnaire

 

This is an example of our questionnaire, which we gave out to 50 people from the public. We ensured the people who was given one of these were totally at random to ensure the relibilty of our results was accurate and not at all bias. Say we gaveour questionnaires to all of females, the results would be inaccurate as it would make our film be more appealing for women adn men would not have a say, which is why was do not want to be bias. We collected all these back and created pie charts to see our results clearly and to see what they relfect. These questions would allow us to see what our film should include and what elements we need to include to make sure our target audience appeals to it. Our results are put into pie charts on the blog called 'Results of Questionnaires'.

 



Antagonist Auditions

We decided to audition some people that were keen to be the male antagonist because we weren't sure who would be able to perceive the role believably. We only got two people to audition which made it easier for us to choose one of them that fits better for the role we needed; we needed someone tall male so they would look dominant compared to the victim as stereotypically males are a lot more powerful. Ben was the taller one out of both of them so he already had benefits before he even started to audition, he also seemed a lot more interested in the role and entertained and made us laugh which makes us feel that he would be easier to work with when filming his scene. We ended up using Ben as the main antagonist because of his characteristics and confidence to take on any emotion, and although he found it difficult to do some of the accents we challenged him with, he kept trying until he got it right, showing he is determined and hard working. 

The reason we didn't use Mason as the main antagonist is because at this time we hadn't yet decided on which film idea we wanted to go ahead with, so we didn't want to take any chances on us needing a taller more dominant looking individual. Although Mason was more confident when he was showing us he could do each accent, it is unlikely the antagonist will even talk in our movie because we wont want to give too much away on who he really is because it's is only the first two minutes of the film, which means the accents weren't necessary although we didn't know this at the time of the auditions. 

Doing these auditions gave us a better understanding on the way the look of the actor can determine how real their performance will look on camera. It also gave us a chance to experience how auditions work and why some are done in certain ways which may help us in later life. The auditioning process was also fun to be involved in and was a fairer way to decide upon who would play the part better 

Mood board

Picture 1 - The picture shows a screaming blonde girl, she is presented as quite innocent from the way she is wearing a pink jumper and has blonde hair, this stereotypically shows she is pretty but not very strong or intelligent, in the image it shows her screaming and crying which is making her look weak, this tells us this is the type of character that the antagonist would go for. 

Picture 2 - The second image is of a shower curtain, this seems random but for our opening two minutes its a must as its the prop that creates tension and reveals the main antagonist because of the way the character opens it slowly which create a long paste shot, making the audience feel fear. 

Picture 3 - The third photo shows the main antagonist; he looks creepy as he just has a mask on with just the eyes and mouth cut out; this can make the audience feel scared as they don't really know who the antagonist is or what he looks like which takes away his identity and makes the viewers feel on edge. We decided on making the main antagonist male because of the way they are perceived as stronger and more dominant individuals.

Picture 4 and 5 - Pictures number 4 and 5 are both of some woods, this makes the audience feel  scared because being in the woods on your own in the dark is something people are naturally afraid of; you don't know who is around you and who could be watching as there are a lot of places to hide and it is very big. Quite a lot of people live near a forest, this shows mundane realism because it will make the audience feel a connection to the film, this could make them not want to walk down the woods they live near as it will remind them of the film.

Picture 6 - This picture shows a scary looking knife, this is on the mood board because weapons like this are known as fearful to the audience, it is also mundane realism in a way because although the knives in peoples homes don't look like this, they still own knives, this will make people feel worried about the knives in their own home that they never thought would be used in a certain way. We have put a knife as the weapon because this type of weapon appears to be a lot more scary than something like a gun because it is a slower and more painful death to be killed with a knife.

Picture 7 - We are using a middle class looking house in our movie because it is mundane realism and helps the audience relate to the characters lifestyle, it will also leave a more lasting effect on the audience as they will go home and feel as though they are in their own version of events in the movie. 

Picture 8 - This image shows a girl antagonist, we decided on including her to our movie because it is conventional to have a creepy possessed child as one of the evil characters. Her long dark hair makes her look haunted and makes the audience couscous of her because of the way her hair is covering her face, also hiding her identity just like the main antagonist in the mask.

Picture 9 - Using a key hole to look through in the first two minutes is mysterious and builds up tension because of the way this shot is a POV, so we will feel the same fear and curiosity as the character. A key hole also represents someone being locked in, showing the audience that the person on the other side is trapped and has no way of getting out, increasing the tension in the audience and making them feel stuck and almost claustrophobic because they feel as though they are also going through the situation with the character.

Certificate Research

The 'U' logo tells you that any age is allowed to see the movie which means even a baby can be a part of the audience and/or the much older generations. The movies that are rated a 'U' are very innocent and don't involve any violence, horror or intimate scenes, they are usually cartoons which intrigues the younger audience, for example 'The Princess and the Frog' created by Disney is rated a U making it suitable for any age group, Disney movies are well known to be enjoyable for kids and most of their parents probably grew up also watching them so they would feel reassured that the movies are good for a young age. The movie involves a princess and has a happy ending which means the younger viewers wont find it distressing to watch. 

'PG' stands for parental guidance, meaning you must be 8 years or older and have an adult with you to see the film, this is because the movies rated 'PG' involve  a bit more intense for the younger viewers but nothing dramatic as most the movies are still cartoon, again to intrigue children. Some 'PG' movies involve real actors but they still keep it innocent by adding humour that the younger generations will understand. A movie that has been extremely popular to the younger audience for many years is Shrek; again this movie is a cartoon and involves a princess and a happy ending, but it involves more action scenes that will excite the audience.

The rating '12' means you are able to watch the  movie without an adult if you are 12 or over, the storyline of the movies begin to get more complex and interesting for this age group as they would be able to understand it a lot better as they are more mature than someone under the age of 12. The difference between a PG film and a film rated a 12 is quite drastic as they are now allowed to watch horror movies such as The Woman in Black, which involves a lot of jumpy scenes even someone over the age of 18 would express fear from watching. 

A movie rated '12a' is similar to the 12 apart from you would only be able to watch the movie with a parent/guardian, this means the movie may involve more violence, horror and/or intimate scenes which aren't suitable to watch at a younger age so having an adult there as a form of protection and guidance if they feel the movie is too grownup for a child to watch.

A movie that is rated a '15' gives the movie a wider range of story lines they are able to use without being couscous of age; the movies almost always include swearing and can involve violence depending on the genre. Sexual relations are more open to the audience and they don't have to worry if the movie is too jumpy. A movie that is rated a '15' is Bridesmaids, this movie involves adult humour, swearing and sexual scenes. Many action movies are rated a 15 such as World War Z, this is because of the amount of violence and swearing which isn't acceptable for someone under the age of 15 to watch.

When you see the logo for an '18' movie, it means the film is strictly forbidden for people bellow the age of 18 to go and watch the film as it can involve a lot of scary, sexual and extremely violent scenes which younger viewers could find disturbing. They tend to use mundane realism to intrigue a wider audience into watching the film. They use '18' as the age to be able to go and watch the movie because you are expected to be a lot more mature when you reach that age and you will be old enough to decide if you want to go and see a particular because you are an adult.

Own Film Idea Brainstorm

Idea 1- The woods

We would start our film out in Bookham woods. These woods have trees that surround the pathway and look very creepy. This sets a good first mood for the audience. The main character would be walking down this empty path whilst the credits come in. In the background the audience will see a random child in the background with long blonde hair; however the main character will not see this.  The vulnerable girl will arrive at her house and chuck all her bags down, go upstairs into her bathroom and rinse her face with water. She’ll hear a noise outside so will look through her key hole which looks straight down the stairs and into the hall. Nothing will be there but she will feel a little scared as she is home alone; from being scared she decides to lock the bathroom door to make her feel safer. When she does this she suddenly hears a noise coming from behind the shower curtain, as she pulls it away she see’s I the antagonist standing there with a mask on and a knife in his hand. As she screams the Title of ‘The Woods’ comes in. See story board one for full explanation.

Idea 2 – Trapped

The beginning would start of in the woods again, a boyfriend and girlfriend will be walking down laughing and holding hands, it will be like a normal day. As they begin to walk past a house they hear a scream a stop walking for a second. The shot will quickly change to a girl sitting in a plain garage with her hand and legs tied together so she can’t get away, she will be looking around the room however not moving or saying anything. Around her will be 5 or 6 other people panicking and running around very scared. Whilst this shot will be showing it,  it would be shown in flashes with a heartbeat in the background to make it seem scarier towards the audience; a door will slam open and an outline of a tall, broad man will appear. The shot will quickly flash back to the boyfriend and girlfriend; the boyfriend will be wanting to leave and seem a lot more scared than the girlfriend as she will seem hesitant to leave for some reason (subverts the stereotype) She will leave anyway but keep looking back.

Idea 3 – Hijacked

The beginning would be a group of people walking through the woods, either to one of there houses or just on a walk. Clips of a car driving past will be shown a couple of times to build tension and make the audience have an ia that a car will be involved. One person will walk out into the road as the car comes round a corner and will be hit. The driver will get out of his car cautiously and worried as he would be sure what he hit and if its okay. When he gets out of the car to look there is nothing there. He would be confused and check again however he is positive that he did not hit anything. He gets back in his car and adjusts his mirror so he can see everything clearly. As he does this a man is sitting on the back seat and all he sees is a knife come towards the mirror. As the knife is about to stab him, the title comes in with a bang.

Idea 4 - HiJack
HiJack is our final idea. The film will start off with a girl walking through Bookham woods. These woods have trees that surround the pathway and look very creepy. she would be by herself making her way home. As she is walking through the empty woods her phone rings, it is jack (her boyfriend) , she answers and says "hi jack?" there is no reply but just very heavy breathing she then hears a scream. She drops her phone and starts running to her house because she begins to get scared. As she arrives at her house the door is slightly open, she opens it slowly and hears water running from the tap in the bathroom. She she heads straight upstairs to turn it off and to have a look. She begins to hear a drip from behind the shower curtain so moves the curtain aside. She sees jack hanging there with the antagonist behind him. A knife will then come towards her and as its about to hit her the title will come in.

Idea 5 - The Five Drownings

Final idea- The film will start off with a girl walking through Bookham woods. These woods have trees that surround the pathway and look very creepy. she would be by herself making her way home. As she is walking through the empty woods her phone rings. A shot is quickly zoomed in on her face and then she begins to run home as she drops her phone. We would use heart beats to separate the shots but still keep them at a fast pace. Shell arrive home and run up the stairs as she'll see the door is open and the light is on. She hesitantly walks into the bathroom and sees the mess everywhere. as she creeps up to the shower curtain and quickly pulls it away. The shot will quickly jump to a person who has been drowned in the bath laying there still with there eyes open. The titles will then boom in with loud music.

Location Research

We are planning on opening the two minutes in some woods, more specifically Bookham woods. We will only film here for a section of our two minutes as we thought it was a good setting to include the opening credits while building tension because of the spooky atmosphere surrounding the character. The atmosphere of the woods   naturally takes you out of your comfort zone when on your own, making the audience feel on edge and as though something will happen to this character. 

We chose to record part of our two minutes in the woods in Bookham because it is closer to the next location we are going to film our movie, it also has a very cold feel to it which sets the scene of the chilling story line. Filming in this area may be quite hard because of the amount of light as it's winter time it gets darker quicker, this might not be a bad thing as the darkness and dull complexion of the sky will set the scene of our horror movie.

Our second location we are planning to include in our opening two minutes is a regular home for regular middle class/working class people; using this home is a convention of most horror movies because it helps the audience feel more engaged in the film as they will be able to relate it to their everyday life, which will increase and leave fear even when the film is over because they would go home to the same lifestyle that was presented in the movie. 

The house we have chosen to use for our opening two minutes is suitable as a location because of the way the interior is set out i.g. the stairs go directly to the bathroom which we are going to show in our movie to build tension 



Target Audience Research

The Woman in Black
  

The version of this movie I am focusing on was released on 10th Feburary 2012 as a adaptation of the origonal version procuded in 1983. The first thing I noticed when looking at the information for this movie, is that it has been given a certificate of 12a.

The Woman in Black's target audience links into our film because it is a horror film and includes scenes that make you jump. The mise-en-scene also links the target audience in both film together because we will use mise-en-scene the same way which will attract the same audience i.g. 15-24 year olds.

The Woman in Black appeals mainly to the male audience because they are stereotypically more into getting scared building up their adrenaline. A lot of the female audience probably got taken to see the movie with their boyfriend/husband, this isn't always the case; many females enjoy watching horror movies which subverts the stereotype of males enjoying this genre of film. Because we are using a group of teenage girls as the subject in the opening scene this will hopefully intrigue the male audience because they would be attracted to these characters, we are also hoping this will make female want to see our movie because they will feel as though they can relate to the situation because the characters are teenage girls; teenagers are the main target audience for horror movies.

	



Target Audience Research

Insidious

Insidious links into our film.. because as the target audience for insidious is mostly ranged around 15-24 year old's; this is the same as our film because both these films are horrors making this the most popular target audience for age groups.

Males are mostly targeted for this film insidious, because it is usually males that prefer going to horror related films. They prefer these because they tend to find romances boring as they like feeling frightened and being shown gory and groosum things.

 Females are less interested in horror films because; they tend to prefer romances- where they can relate relationships into the films because relationship in films tend to turn out all happy and romantic. This is what most girls look for in relationships and if there relationship isn't good then they can pretend that they are the woman in the movie and end up living happily ever after.

 Women/girls are usually less interesting in horror films because as girls are stereotyped to be week and vulnerable they tend to be the antagonist target in horror films making them feel a lot more intimidated and feel a lot more scared compared to the male audience.

The age group that were allowed to see this film were 15 years and above. They have set this for the target audience because as the horror films usually target age groups 15 -25. Any younger and they would loose viewers because most young children don't like being scared and wouldn't like to see a film which uses mundane realism as they will start imagining that it could happen to them, no matter how fake it is.

Grade	Social class	Chief income earner's occupation
A	upper middle class	Higher managerial, administrative or professional
B	middle class	Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional
C1	lower middle class	Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional
C2	skilled working class	Skilled manual workers
D	working class	Semi and unskilled manual workers
E	non working	Casual or lowest grade workers, pensioners, and others who depend on the welfare state for their income, this also includes students.

The social grades for this film are mostly targeted at C1 social class of people; this shows that people with enough money go to see this sort of film. The least social group who went to see this film were C2, this is the skilled working class. Working class means that they don't have a lot of money which shows that either they don't have enough to go to the cinema or want to save there money to have enough for essentials. Although classes A and B have 28% it is still lower than C1 class. This subverts what some people would think to do with money because being it class A or B would mean that you would have quite a lot of money and you could be spending a lot of it on the cinema. However, classes A and B would be dong a lot more different stuff which involve a lot more money like going on Holiday and they might think that the cinema is for lower class people.

Target Audience Research

The conjuring

The Conjuring is an Amercian Paranormal and supernatural Horror film, which was released on August 2nd 2013. The director of this film was James Wan, which also directed the films 'Insidious' and the  'Saw' films. When these films were being made they had to think how their film would appeal to their target audience and what they would need to include to keep their audience intrigued and stuck to their seats.

This is a chart to show what type of audience watched 'The Conjuring', which was collected by and from the Pearl and Dean website. These results subvert the stereotypical view of the male gender watching horrors more than women as the percentage level is lower than the women's one. There are many reasons why this could have occurred, which one reason could be that the main character was a womenly figure, which the male audience would rather have a male character being more of the main character and have more control in the film. Another reason could suggest that due to the release date, not a lot of horror films were released during this peroid of time, so this horror was a big hit. This could of be a cause to the female percentage to be higher as they hadn't seen a horror for a while due to films not having this genre. The release date was also in the summer holidays, which the target audience of this film, would be on their school holidays or off work, so would have more free time to watch films and go to the cinema. As the percentage of the female audience was 54% and the males was 46%, it shows that this film was more popular with the female audience than the males.

The ages in the results, shows that their target audience was mostly ranged from age 15 to age 24. Having no percentages below the age of 15, automatically shows that the certifacate of this film was a 15. Having this as their broader target audience, follows the stereotypical target audience for a horror film as they are usually aimed at this age group; this could link to the popularity of females watching it. Having a 15 rating allows there to be scary scenes, gore and more adult scenes, which follows the conventions of a horror film.

The class rating for the film varies from different classes. AB stands for upper and middle class, C1 stands for lower middle class, C2 stands for skilled working class and DE stand for working and non working class. As you can see the highest rating in these results are from C1 as it is 46%. This suggests that the lower middle class watched the film, which could be their target audience. This could link to the rating as ages 15 and above are beginning to apply for jobs or are working at their jobs. This suggest that these working people may have watched it to escape the reality and the stress from their jobs and to relax watching a film, which could be real or not. Due to the release date, this may have affected the results as this target audience may have had a lot of free time as the release date was in the summer meaning they could go and watch this and enjoy it. Classes AB was the lowest percentage, which could be due to them being in a much higher class than C1. This could suggest that class AB prefer more intellectual and true stories and the genre, horror, are not their kind of film to watch. DE has a percentage of 18%, which could be because they are a non working class meaning they have more spare time to watch films. 

From this research, it suggests that the target audience for an ideal horror should be for ages 15 and above. This is because we can have scary and gore elements to the film but would still be suitable for ages 15 and above. Also having this age certificate for our film would allow us to have the broadest target audience, which would bring more profit to the film, and appeal to a larger range of people compared to an 18 rated film.

Our Preliminary Task

For our preliminary task we had to include three things - Match on action, 180 degree rule and shot reverse shot. Doing this task helped us experiment with the three different techniques and gave us a better idea on what circumstance you would use them when making a movie. 

 Aswell as using these three techniques we decided to experiment with different camera angles and such as the over the sholder shot, mid shots and the low angle shot. We used the low angle shot on my feet when I enter the film, by showing only my feet creates an enigma as the audience dont know who I am or what my intentions are.

To create the match on action shots we filmed the senario three times and then edited them together on Adobe Premier Elements 10. We made the last match on action shot fast paced as we wanted to make then genre of the mini film action. This would give us a better insight on how different techniques create the genre for any movie. 

We used the shot reverse shot technique when the reply of the question is asked, "I don't want to tell you". We also had to film this more than once because we would not have been able to record the conversation all at once as the camera on the opposite side would be in frame of the other camera, so we recorded it twice and then cropped and edited everything together to give the effect it was filmed once.

 

Our Storyboards

To start bringing our movie into life we made some storyboards to give ourselves and others a better understanding on what we are hoping to create. We ended up deciding on making the movie a horror as we liked the way we could create a fearful atmosphere just by using different sounds/music, camera shots and lighting. The reason we didn't decide on doing any other genre is because we found the techniques you use when making a horror film more interesting and enjoyable to use; they intrigued us.

We created two storyboards because we aren't sure which film would appeal to a larger audience, we might decide on combining both of the storyboards to achieve a higher popularity.

Storyboard 1 - The Woods                        

Storyboard 2 - The Uninvited 

Conventions of Romance

Females are known to be more emotional in a relationship than men which is is why the genre of romance is always aimed at a female audience. Stereotypically women enjoy the romance as they like to feel as though they can relate the roles being played and one day would like to experience a relationship like the one they are watching.

There is usually a scene that introduces the two main roles of the man and woman at the same time, this creates a connection and hints to the audience that they are a good love match. A lot of the time its the male character that falls for the woman as soon as he sees her in which he tries to win her over. In many romance films there is another man in the way, someone who interrupts the relationship or a disagreement between the couple causing a separation for some of the movie until they reunite and get back together, leading on to them living "happily ever after".

Family is always involved in a romance movie especially the mother; she is normally a pushy parent that wants their daughter/son to be in a strong relationship. The two main characters always have someone to rely on whether it's a best friend or family member, some time in the movie they will get relationship advise from them.

Always regular people that live a normal life, making the audience feel like the can relate with the story and characters. Sometimes the couple that are "meant to be" are completely opposite people e.g ones rich and the others poor, this isn't something you see happen in real life which mean the audience would feel like they are leaving reality when watching the movie.

One of the people in the relationship has gone through something which makes them emotionally vulnerable e.g mothers died, dads left ect. This creates sympathy towards that character which makes you want the pair to live happily ever after.

Conventions of Action

An action film will usually involve a chase scene with fast paced camera clips, this usually creates adrenaline for the audience as they're backing up the good character throughout the whole movie which makes them feel more involved during the fight scenes. The target audience for action movies are males from the ages of around 15-40, just because males are stereotypically drawn to violent films and teenagers and younger adults seem to be the generations that enjoy an adrenaline burst. Adults older than 40 would prefer to 'slow down' which means they wouldn't be included in the target audience.

The bad guys in an action film are usually foreign or have done some sort of criminal act in the passed, presenting the other team as villains will automatically make the audience take sides with the main character; the good guy in action movies is normally American or British. Something else which draws the audience to the main character is that they are usually a lot more attractive and strong compared to the villain. This links back to the target audience because including a popular attractive actor would intrigue the female audience although the movie would still be aimed at males.

A women in an action movie is normally either very strong or very vulnerable and needs saving e.g. Tomb Raider and Taken. Having a weak female in a film is usually the reason why the story line is what it is - Rescuing the girl. Having a strong woman as the main character would be represented as attractive which would appeal to the target audience. 

The main character and villain sometimes have a psychic backing them up throughout the film,  these two psychics usually end up in some sort or fight at the same time as the main character and villain. This makes the good guy and villain seem stronger when compared. Switching back and fourth from each fight helps you compare them and almost creates a humorous scene in the movie. 

A large budget is always used in a successful action/adventure film, this would create excitement for the  target audience as they will be expecting something good. The money used would cover the special effects, stunt work ect.

Conventions of Horror

One reason why a film is categorised as a horror is the antagonist; there is always someone or something that makes the target audience fearful and on edge which creates a lot of tension. The reason I say it mainly scares the target audience is because horror movies are mainly produced for young males  from the ages of 15-25, any younger wouldn't be able to watch a horror film because of age restrictions and any older would understand the concept of the movie enough to ruin the suspense due to cliches.

A lot of the time the victims are teenagers, this could be because it is a young target audience which helps them relate to the story and personalities e.g a character that thinks they know everything wouldn't get as much sympathy if anything happens to them which it usually does. The way the characters dress and where the film is set is usually very normal to the audience.

The characters will always walk into trouble even if its easier not to, this could link to the reason a lot of horrors involve teenagers as they are known for getting into trouble. A lot of the target audience would have similar characteristics and personalities to the characters in the movie because teenagers are the main target audience.

Non diegetic sound is added to build tension when something bad is about to happen which builds the suspense resulting in the audience knowing something is about to happen. Diegetic sound is usually what the suspense is built up for i.e loud bangs, foot steps, screams ect.

The slow pace clips and the camera angles also create fear for the audience but in a very un noticeable way; point of view and hand held shots can be used to disorientate the audience and gives them a chance to see what the character is viewing in that moment. Different dept of fields can be used to create enigmas i.e if the shot is a shallow dept of field and is focusing on whats closest to the camera, the audience would subconsciously see whats in the background without actually knowing what it is whether its the antagonist or just a moving object, this results in the audience feeling on edge.